Any infection of the mouth can affect any part of the body. The bacteria or poison involved can cause stomach problems, etc. It's very mysterious how it works, but it definitely is a possibility. I know first hand. Any dental work I need to have done is preceded by antibiotics for a few days so no infection will go to my heart. Hope this helps you.
Can the bacteria from gingivitis spread to other parts of your body , such as your arm.?
The answer is technically yes, because the body is one entire system, and all parts of it are connected and served by exactly the same circulatory, lymph, nervous and endocrine systems. I would, however, be MUCH more concerned about the bacteria from a mouth infection going to my heart or brain. I know a man who had a cardiac infarction caused by an embolus of tooth decay traveling through his blood stream, and lodging around his heart. It caused a heart attack, and endocarditis, both of which almost killed him. It's nothing to screw around with. Go to the dentist.
Reply:Hi! I've been in dentistry for over 25 years. ANY infection in the mouth can spread through the entire body and the main target is the heart. Since you are swalling hundreds of times a day, each time more bacteria goes from the mouth into the blood stream vis your mouth and stomach. This causes a low grade infection thoughout the body. Some people have to take prophylaxis antibiotics before each dental cleaning because of value problems or othe heart issues. I don't exactly what you are asking when you target your arm, but if you have a concern, call your dentist or doctor and ask them since they know you better than I do. If youhave any other quetions, please ask. M
Reply:Gingivitis is caused by the infection of bad bacteria in your mouth, so this infections can also spread through your blood stream and eventually reached other parts of your body. That is why treating it immediately is very important to prevent health complications.
Monday, November 21, 2011
What does bacteria need to survive?
Depends on what kind of bacteria. Aerobic bacteria require oxygen, anaerobic bacteria do not. They all require a source of nourishment, and some source of moisture.
What does bacteria need to survive?
I think it needs a host to survive.
Reply:Like your normal man = Dark, damp conditions and a host to live off.
Reply:warm, damp, moist areas
Reply:Food, Water, Air
Reply:u have to be more specific,if it is a parasitic then it need a host.if it is a chemo then it need chemicals.if it is anaeorobic then it needs oxygen.if it is photsynthetic then it needed sunlight.there is also other bacterias that also needed othere things.
Reply:Bacteria are like all living things, they need a food source and they need to respire.
Some bacteria are anaerobes, and have a special method of respiration that does not require oxygen. The rest need a source of oxygen in gas form.
They also need nutrients. These provide them with energy for living, and ensure they have all the ingredients for day to day life. Many bacteria are happy with sugars, oily secretions from other animals, and such.
Others use chemical reactions to release energy they can use (chemotrophs). Some use the sun, and photosynthesise, like plants.
Bacteria can live just about any where.
With humans, they live on our skin, hair, in our gut even. They live on dead things, and contribute to the cycle of life by breaking them down.
Anywhere there's food, they'll be!
We now know there are bacteria that live in what we used to assume were impossible conditions - toxic lakes, boiling water - these are called extremophiles.
Finally, they need to be able to reproduce. They do this on their own, by copying and then dividing themselves. And they do it fast!
Reply:They also need to have a method of getting rid of waste, just like everything else!
Reply:Few rules;
1. Aerobic bacteria require oxygen, anaerobic bacteria do not, like bacterias deep underground or within animal body.
2. It requires a source of nourishment, and it depends of the preferred food for type of each bacteria. some likes minerals others biological componds.
3. Different than Virus, bacterias does not need a host. There are types that can live only within a host and anothers that does not need it, so they can live everywhere.
4. Human digestive systems needs bacterias. Without it, we would not be able to get essencial from food that we eat. What i mean is; There are good and bad bacterias. .... and sometimes, bad bacterias can be also a good one it always depends about the context and environment.
Reply:Plenty of germs. The more germs the more the bacteria will spread.
Reply:same as most other creatures food,water and sleep
Reply:if its aerobic then O2
if it isnt then no O2 is fine
water food and space
and the right temperature for enzyme functioning
and removal of toxins
and prevention of attack by other pathogens
Reply:any boddies carbage
Reply:All life needs the same basic ingredients:
1. An energy source (food or light for example)
2. A carbon source (this can be food but can also be CO2)
3. Inorganic compounds such as salts containing Mg, Mn, P, K, Mo, Zn, Na, Sulfate... etc. etc.
Most bacteria are grown in a complex media called Luria-Burtani Broth (LB for short). This is basically comprised of digested protein and ground up yeast.
What does bacteria need to survive?
I think it needs a host to survive.
Reply:Like your normal man = Dark, damp conditions and a host to live off.
Reply:warm, damp, moist areas
Reply:Food, Water, Air
Reply:u have to be more specific,if it is a parasitic then it need a host.if it is a chemo then it need chemicals.if it is anaeorobic then it needs oxygen.if it is photsynthetic then it needed sunlight.there is also other bacterias that also needed othere things.
Reply:Bacteria are like all living things, they need a food source and they need to respire.
Some bacteria are anaerobes, and have a special method of respiration that does not require oxygen. The rest need a source of oxygen in gas form.
They also need nutrients. These provide them with energy for living, and ensure they have all the ingredients for day to day life. Many bacteria are happy with sugars, oily secretions from other animals, and such.
Others use chemical reactions to release energy they can use (chemotrophs). Some use the sun, and photosynthesise, like plants.
Bacteria can live just about any where.
With humans, they live on our skin, hair, in our gut even. They live on dead things, and contribute to the cycle of life by breaking them down.
Anywhere there's food, they'll be!
We now know there are bacteria that live in what we used to assume were impossible conditions - toxic lakes, boiling water - these are called extremophiles.
Finally, they need to be able to reproduce. They do this on their own, by copying and then dividing themselves. And they do it fast!
Reply:They also need to have a method of getting rid of waste, just like everything else!
Reply:Few rules;
1. Aerobic bacteria require oxygen, anaerobic bacteria do not, like bacterias deep underground or within animal body.
2. It requires a source of nourishment, and it depends of the preferred food for type of each bacteria. some likes minerals others biological componds.
3. Different than Virus, bacterias does not need a host. There are types that can live only within a host and anothers that does not need it, so they can live everywhere.
4. Human digestive systems needs bacterias. Without it, we would not be able to get essencial from food that we eat. What i mean is; There are good and bad bacterias. .... and sometimes, bad bacterias can be also a good one it always depends about the context and environment.
Reply:Plenty of germs. The more germs the more the bacteria will spread.
Reply:same as most other creatures food,water and sleep
Reply:if its aerobic then O2
if it isnt then no O2 is fine
water food and space
and the right temperature for enzyme functioning
and removal of toxins
and prevention of attack by other pathogens
Reply:any boddies carbage
Reply:All life needs the same basic ingredients:
1. An energy source (food or light for example)
2. A carbon source (this can be food but can also be CO2)
3. Inorganic compounds such as salts containing Mg, Mn, P, K, Mo, Zn, Na, Sulfate... etc. etc.
Most bacteria are grown in a complex media called Luria-Burtani Broth (LB for short). This is basically comprised of digested protein and ground up yeast.
What is, bacteria reproduced by binary fission, which is a type of (sexual/asexual) reproduction?
what is the correct definition.
What is, bacteria reproduced by binary fission, which is a type of (sexual/asexual) reproduction?
it's asexual, since it doesn't need another bacteria to reproduce itself, and its offspring are identical to the first.
Unless you meant what is binary fission. sorry, i couldn't really understand the question. Then the definition would be when one bacteria splits to make another bacteria identical to itself.
What is, bacteria reproduced by binary fission, which is a type of (sexual/asexual) reproduction?
it's asexual, since it doesn't need another bacteria to reproduce itself, and its offspring are identical to the first.
Unless you meant what is binary fission. sorry, i couldn't really understand the question. Then the definition would be when one bacteria splits to make another bacteria identical to itself.
Can the bacteria from gingivitis spread to other parts of your body , such as your arm.?
Any infection of the mouth can affect any part of the body. The bacteria or poison involved can cause stomach problems, etc. It's very mysterious how it works, but it definitely is a possibility. I know first hand. Any dental work I need to have done is preceded by antibiotics for a few days so no infection will go to my heart. Hope this helps you.
Can the bacteria from gingivitis spread to other parts of your body , such as your arm.?
The answer is technically yes, because the body is one entire system, and all parts of it are connected and served by exactly the same circulatory, lymph, nervous and endocrine systems. I would, however, be MUCH more concerned about the bacteria from a mouth infection going to my heart or brain. I know a man who had a cardiac infarction caused by an embolus of tooth decay traveling through his blood stream, and lodging around his heart. It caused a heart attack, and endocarditis, both of which almost killed him. It's nothing to screw around with. Go to the dentist.
Reply:Hi! I've been in dentistry for over 25 years. ANY infection in the mouth can spread through the entire body and the main target is the heart. Since you are swalling hundreds of times a day, each time more bacteria goes from the mouth into the blood stream vis your mouth and stomach. This causes a low grade infection thoughout the body. Some people have to take prophylaxis antibiotics before each dental cleaning because of value problems or othe heart issues. I don't exactly what you are asking when you target your arm, but if you have a concern, call your dentist or doctor and ask them since they know you better than I do. If youhave any other quetions, please ask. M
Reply:Gingivitis is caused by the infection of bad bacteria in your mouth, so this infections can also spread through your blood stream and eventually reached other parts of your body. That is why treating it immediately is very important to prevent health complications.
grappling
Can the bacteria from gingivitis spread to other parts of your body , such as your arm.?
The answer is technically yes, because the body is one entire system, and all parts of it are connected and served by exactly the same circulatory, lymph, nervous and endocrine systems. I would, however, be MUCH more concerned about the bacteria from a mouth infection going to my heart or brain. I know a man who had a cardiac infarction caused by an embolus of tooth decay traveling through his blood stream, and lodging around his heart. It caused a heart attack, and endocarditis, both of which almost killed him. It's nothing to screw around with. Go to the dentist.
Reply:Hi! I've been in dentistry for over 25 years. ANY infection in the mouth can spread through the entire body and the main target is the heart. Since you are swalling hundreds of times a day, each time more bacteria goes from the mouth into the blood stream vis your mouth and stomach. This causes a low grade infection thoughout the body. Some people have to take prophylaxis antibiotics before each dental cleaning because of value problems or othe heart issues. I don't exactly what you are asking when you target your arm, but if you have a concern, call your dentist or doctor and ask them since they know you better than I do. If youhave any other quetions, please ask. M
Reply:Gingivitis is caused by the infection of bad bacteria in your mouth, so this infections can also spread through your blood stream and eventually reached other parts of your body. That is why treating it immediately is very important to prevent health complications.
grappling
Why do bacteria tend to become resistant to most antibotics but rarely become resistant to herbal medicine?
is this even true statement?
Why do bacteria tend to become resistant to most antibotics but rarely become resistant to herbal medicine?
The goal of medicine is to cure or control a certain illness. However, herbal remedies focus on strengthening the body and allow the body to do its job. A strong and healthy immune system will throw anything out.
Herbal supplements (not herbal medicine) are natural byproducts of nature. Many of the incurable diseases are curable to some degree with the right plants found somewhere on this planet.
Reply:Alternative propaganda!
Reply:Because herbal medicine is almost never used, so bacteria don't need to develop resistance to survive as a whole. The more a medicine is used the more likely it is to get a resistance, which is why overmedicating is such a problem.
Also... because alternative medicines usually suck in the first place, so you wouldn't be able to tell even if it DID build up a resistance. =p But that's just my humble uneducated opinion.
Reply:Bacteria haven't survived this long by being easy to kill or disable. Bacteria where on the planet before the human gene ever developed.
Also, don't believe for a second that herbal remedies kill bacteria. The symptoms one may suffer might ease, but not the problem with the way bacteria destroy cells.....
Reply:For one thing bacteria are routinely tested for resistance to various antibiotics so we are aware of resistance. This is called sensitivity testing and is a valuable aid in treating people with serious bacterial infections.
Today no one is conducting sensitivity testing on herbal medicines. There are several reasons for this. First and most important there is absolutely NO herbal medicine that can be broken down into its active (if there are any) ingredients. With accepted antibiotics there is detailed knowledge of how the antibiotic works at the biochemical level. With herbals no such knowledge exists. In fact, there is no agreement among herbal practioners on the effective dose (if one exists) of the many herbal medicines. In the limited number of controlled studies concerning herbals that have been published no therapeutic effect has been demonstrated to date. Perhaps bacteria don't demonstrate resistance to herbals because herbals don't kill bacteria in the first place.
Reply:*wild speculation alert*
It's hard to come up with a substance that you can put into your body that will decimate bacteria without harming you. That's why all of the antibiotics we have are variations on a few basic molecular designs. The claims I've seen on herbal medicines seem to have more to do with boosting the immune system than killing the bacteria directly. I don't know a lot about the actual research on their effectiveness, so let's just assume they work to some degree for the purpose of this speculation.
Normally when bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, bacteria that mutate or acquire new genes that prevent that one substance from being able to kill them will quickly be selected for and will outnumber the non-resistant ones. They only have to become resistant to one thing (if only one type of antibiotic is being given) and they have it made. Becoming resistant to the immune system is a little more complicated. The immune system has evolved a lot of different strategies to neutralize and destroy bacteria; it's not a one-trick pony. Not only does it have a variety of strategies, but it's adaptable. If a bacterium develops the ability to destroy the herbal substance that boosts the immune system (possibly by metabolizing it for energy?), it won't have any particular advantage over the other bacteria infecting that person because the immune response affects them all the same way.
*end of wild speculation*
Why do bacteria tend to become resistant to most antibotics but rarely become resistant to herbal medicine?
The goal of medicine is to cure or control a certain illness. However, herbal remedies focus on strengthening the body and allow the body to do its job. A strong and healthy immune system will throw anything out.
Herbal supplements (not herbal medicine) are natural byproducts of nature. Many of the incurable diseases are curable to some degree with the right plants found somewhere on this planet.
Reply:Alternative propaganda!
Reply:Because herbal medicine is almost never used, so bacteria don't need to develop resistance to survive as a whole. The more a medicine is used the more likely it is to get a resistance, which is why overmedicating is such a problem.
Also... because alternative medicines usually suck in the first place, so you wouldn't be able to tell even if it DID build up a resistance. =p But that's just my humble uneducated opinion.
Reply:Bacteria haven't survived this long by being easy to kill or disable. Bacteria where on the planet before the human gene ever developed.
Also, don't believe for a second that herbal remedies kill bacteria. The symptoms one may suffer might ease, but not the problem with the way bacteria destroy cells.....
Reply:For one thing bacteria are routinely tested for resistance to various antibiotics so we are aware of resistance. This is called sensitivity testing and is a valuable aid in treating people with serious bacterial infections.
Today no one is conducting sensitivity testing on herbal medicines. There are several reasons for this. First and most important there is absolutely NO herbal medicine that can be broken down into its active (if there are any) ingredients. With accepted antibiotics there is detailed knowledge of how the antibiotic works at the biochemical level. With herbals no such knowledge exists. In fact, there is no agreement among herbal practioners on the effective dose (if one exists) of the many herbal medicines. In the limited number of controlled studies concerning herbals that have been published no therapeutic effect has been demonstrated to date. Perhaps bacteria don't demonstrate resistance to herbals because herbals don't kill bacteria in the first place.
Reply:*wild speculation alert*
It's hard to come up with a substance that you can put into your body that will decimate bacteria without harming you. That's why all of the antibiotics we have are variations on a few basic molecular designs. The claims I've seen on herbal medicines seem to have more to do with boosting the immune system than killing the bacteria directly. I don't know a lot about the actual research on their effectiveness, so let's just assume they work to some degree for the purpose of this speculation.
Normally when bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, bacteria that mutate or acquire new genes that prevent that one substance from being able to kill them will quickly be selected for and will outnumber the non-resistant ones. They only have to become resistant to one thing (if only one type of antibiotic is being given) and they have it made. Becoming resistant to the immune system is a little more complicated. The immune system has evolved a lot of different strategies to neutralize and destroy bacteria; it's not a one-trick pony. Not only does it have a variety of strategies, but it's adaptable. If a bacterium develops the ability to destroy the herbal substance that boosts the immune system (possibly by metabolizing it for energy?), it won't have any particular advantage over the other bacteria infecting that person because the immune response affects them all the same way.
*end of wild speculation*
Where have bacteria been located?
There is no place where there are not bacteria. On our bodies, in our mouths, our intestines, in the sink, on the dish sponge, on the dish towel, in our shoes, in the washer, in the car, in the food, and so on, and that is only us - every other animal and plant has the same story, and then there is the dirt in the yard, between the cracks of the sidewalks, and even before we go outside, there they are in the rug, in the pillows, in the couch and chairs....
Where have bacteria been located?
The bottom of the ocean...
Reply:EVERYWHERE but they orginated from the ocean problaby from the bottom of the ocean where the dirt and mud is
Reply:The bottom of the ocean
Reply:Basically, bacteria are ubiquitous. They can withstand high temps, high acidity and high pressure. However, there are some archaea that are even more extreme with respect to tolerance levels - that is, there are places where archaea are found and bacteria are not. (Some hydrothermal vent locations, some acid spots, as in Yellowstone.) Still, bacteria play a huge role in the cycling of basic elements like C, S, N and Fe and are found everywhere.
Reply:Bacteria are everywhere. In the air, in water, in your food, in your eyes, inside of you. Really. Yeast in bread comes from bacteria bascillus. On your clothes, tiny parasites may have been the antagonists who made the hole in your shirt. In a single drop of water from a river can contain thousands of specimens, each one different. In your food, bacteria can be consumed in large numbers without notice. No wonder some people go to obsessive measures over bacteria; it's everywhere; it was the first life on earth, it'll be the last life of earth, we can't see it yet it can do so much.
Where have bacteria been located?
The bottom of the ocean...
Reply:EVERYWHERE but they orginated from the ocean problaby from the bottom of the ocean where the dirt and mud is
Reply:The bottom of the ocean
Reply:Basically, bacteria are ubiquitous. They can withstand high temps, high acidity and high pressure. However, there are some archaea that are even more extreme with respect to tolerance levels - that is, there are places where archaea are found and bacteria are not. (Some hydrothermal vent locations, some acid spots, as in Yellowstone.) Still, bacteria play a huge role in the cycling of basic elements like C, S, N and Fe and are found everywhere.
Reply:Bacteria are everywhere. In the air, in water, in your food, in your eyes, inside of you. Really. Yeast in bread comes from bacteria bascillus. On your clothes, tiny parasites may have been the antagonists who made the hole in your shirt. In a single drop of water from a river can contain thousands of specimens, each one different. In your food, bacteria can be consumed in large numbers without notice. No wonder some people go to obsessive measures over bacteria; it's everywhere; it was the first life on earth, it'll be the last life of earth, we can't see it yet it can do so much.
Why did heat kill the S bacteria in the Griffith experiment?
How does it suggest that it was not a chemical poison released by the S bacterias?
also, what is transformation?
just answer one if you'd like. =)
thanks!
Why did heat kill the S bacteria in the Griffith experiment?
very complex experiment
Griffith believed polysaccharide coating on the bacteria somehow caused the illness and knowing that polysaccharides are not affected by heat, Griffith then used heat to kill some of the S strain bacteria and injected those dead bacteria into mice. Because the new mice didn't die, he knew the disease wasn't caused by polysaccharides (because they wouldn't have been effected by the heat)
there are sooo many definitions for a transformation
You can transform power from high voltage to low voltage and vice versa
you can transform sets of data that isn't inherently normal by taking the log of the data or squaring it, in order to make it normal
I assume you are talking about the genetic transformation. That is when to implant the plasmid of a bacteria or another vector, into a host cell. Also known as the genetic alternation from introduction, uptake, and expression of foreign dna
also, what is transformation?
just answer one if you'd like. =)
thanks!
Why did heat kill the S bacteria in the Griffith experiment?
very complex experiment
Griffith believed polysaccharide coating on the bacteria somehow caused the illness and knowing that polysaccharides are not affected by heat, Griffith then used heat to kill some of the S strain bacteria and injected those dead bacteria into mice. Because the new mice didn't die, he knew the disease wasn't caused by polysaccharides (because they wouldn't have been effected by the heat)
there are sooo many definitions for a transformation
You can transform power from high voltage to low voltage and vice versa
you can transform sets of data that isn't inherently normal by taking the log of the data or squaring it, in order to make it normal
I assume you are talking about the genetic transformation. That is when to implant the plasmid of a bacteria or another vector, into a host cell. Also known as the genetic alternation from introduction, uptake, and expression of foreign dna
Bird Flu Bacteria?
How is it Transmitted?
What are the Symptoms?
How is it treated/cured?
Bird Flu Bacteria?
It's a form of the influenza virus, not a bacteria.
yoga
What are the Symptoms?
How is it treated/cured?
Bird Flu Bacteria?
It's a form of the influenza virus, not a bacteria.
yoga
Can virual bacteria survive on somthing like a piece of paper?
And if so for how long?
Can virual bacteria survive on somthing like a piece of paper?
Bacteria can not survive on a clean surface very long, but they can survive on paper for a long time.
Reply:There is no such thing as a virul bacteria. There are viruses and there are bacteria.
Reply:Um, a virus and a bacteria are two different organisms. There are certain viruses that can infect bacteria. As for surviving outside of a host, it depends on the virus or bacteria. Some bacteria produce a waxy coating when exposed to air and can survive for long periods of heat, cold and lack of moisture, while other types die within minutes of being outside of a host.
Can virual bacteria survive on somthing like a piece of paper?
Bacteria can not survive on a clean surface very long, but they can survive on paper for a long time.
Reply:There is no such thing as a virul bacteria. There are viruses and there are bacteria.
Reply:Um, a virus and a bacteria are two different organisms. There are certain viruses that can infect bacteria. As for surviving outside of a host, it depends on the virus or bacteria. Some bacteria produce a waxy coating when exposed to air and can survive for long periods of heat, cold and lack of moisture, while other types die within minutes of being outside of a host.
How do bacteria get their food, and how do they digest it?
EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
Bacteria ( and fungi) consume food by excreting enzymes that digest the food material outside of the bacteria. The result is small(ish) molecule ( compared to the original fod material) that can be absorbed into the bacteria thru the cell wall and membrane ( no mouth!)
How do bacteria get their food, and how do they digest it?
the lysosomes contain destructive enzymes which break down food.
Reply:Bacteria aborb food and it is digested with enzymes.
ivy
Bacteria ( and fungi) consume food by excreting enzymes that digest the food material outside of the bacteria. The result is small(ish) molecule ( compared to the original fod material) that can be absorbed into the bacteria thru the cell wall and membrane ( no mouth!)
How do bacteria get their food, and how do they digest it?
the lysosomes contain destructive enzymes which break down food.
Reply:Bacteria aborb food and it is digested with enzymes.
ivy
Why is bacteria alive?
Bacteria consumes matter for energy.
Bacteria reproduces.
Bacteria creates waste.
Bacteria has DNA.
That last one is the clincher!
Why is bacteria alive?
Bacteria have the characteristics of living things, such as:
.. made of cells
.. use energy
.. exchange gases
and so on
Reply:Because they can react to stimuli.
Reply:The are composed of cells with cell membranes, they transform energy for metabolic activity, they contain DNA, and they reproduce. These are the criteria for living things, and bacteria do all the above.
Bacteria reproduces.
Bacteria creates waste.
Bacteria has DNA.
That last one is the clincher!
Why is bacteria alive?
Bacteria have the characteristics of living things, such as:
.. made of cells
.. use energy
.. exchange gases
and so on
Reply:Because they can react to stimuli.
Reply:The are composed of cells with cell membranes, they transform energy for metabolic activity, they contain DNA, and they reproduce. These are the criteria for living things, and bacteria do all the above.
What is bacteria,bacilli,cocci,spirill... and flagella?
What are those like a short definition...?
What is bacteria,bacilli,cocci,spirill... and flagella?
Bacteria are a type of life that are single cellular and prokaryotic (don't have a defined nucleus)
Bacilli, cocci, spirilla are cell shapes:
bacilli= rod shaped
cocci = round spheres
spirilla = spiral shaped
Flagella is an organelle that allows the cells to swim. (it's kind of like a fish's tail, in that sense)
Pictures of these shapes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocci
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/...
Reply:Bacteria-any of a domain (Bacteria) of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod-shaped single-celled microorganisms that may lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative if they have cell walls, that are often aggregated into colonies or motile by means of flagella, that typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals, that are usually autotrophic, saprophytic, or parasitic in nutrition, and that are noted for their biochemical effects and pathogenicity
flagella- any of various elongated filiform appendages of plants or animals
bacilli-any of a genus (Bacillus) of rod-shaped gram-positive usually aerobic bacteria producing endospores and including many saprophytes and some parasites thats all i got
What is bacteria,bacilli,cocci,spirill... and flagella?
Bacteria are a type of life that are single cellular and prokaryotic (don't have a defined nucleus)
Bacilli, cocci, spirilla are cell shapes:
bacilli= rod shaped
cocci = round spheres
spirilla = spiral shaped
Flagella is an organelle that allows the cells to swim. (it's kind of like a fish's tail, in that sense)
Pictures of these shapes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocci
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/...
Reply:Bacteria-any of a domain (Bacteria) of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod-shaped single-celled microorganisms that may lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative if they have cell walls, that are often aggregated into colonies or motile by means of flagella, that typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals, that are usually autotrophic, saprophytic, or parasitic in nutrition, and that are noted for their biochemical effects and pathogenicity
flagella- any of various elongated filiform appendages of plants or animals
bacilli-any of a genus (Bacillus) of rod-shaped gram-positive usually aerobic bacteria producing endospores and including many saprophytes and some parasites thats all i got
Why are bacteria ideal for regulatory mechanisms?
The question is not clear . what regulatory mechanism you have in mind?
Kindly elaborate and post the question again .
Why are bacteria ideal for regulatory mechanisms?
Do you mean, why bacteria are the ideal objects to study it?
If yes:
The bacteria use it as stress responses BTW under nutritional deprivation or heat and that are conditions, you can reproduce easily in laboratories.
Kindly elaborate and post the question again .
Why are bacteria ideal for regulatory mechanisms?
Do you mean, why bacteria are the ideal objects to study it?
If yes:
The bacteria use it as stress responses BTW under nutritional deprivation or heat and that are conditions, you can reproduce easily in laboratories.
Staphylococci are bacteria that are?
Not sure what you are looking for on this one - staphylocci are bacteria that are coagulase positive, gram positive cocci that can occur in clusters or pairs and are usually found on skin and can cause infections such as abscesses, ear infections, pneumonias, etc. Does this help?
Staphylococci are bacteria that are?
Do your own homework!
fuchsia
Staphylococci are bacteria that are?
Do your own homework!
fuchsia
What causes bacteria in the womb?
if mother catch some infectious disease then the bacterias or virus could transfer to womb and make some problem for fetus and even abortion.
like Brucellas,and the virus of Measles or Rubella
What causes bacteria in the womb?
nasty chicks.
like Brucellas,and the virus of Measles or Rubella
What causes bacteria in the womb?
nasty chicks.
Why are bacteria and cyanobacteria classified together in the kingdom eubactera? And how are they different?
First of all, cyanobacteria are a KIND of bacteria, like
corn is a kind of plant or spiders are a kind of animal.
All living things are in one of 3 domains. These are
Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea.
All living things are in one of 6 kingdoms. These are
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria. The kingdom eubacteria includes
exactly the same things as the domain bacteria, so
you could say bacteria and eubacteria are 2 names
for the same thing. Similarly, the domain archaea
is the same as the kingdom archaebacteria.
Cyanobacteria, is a sub-type of the domain bacteria
and thus also a sub-type of the kingdom eubacteria.
One property of the cyanobacteria is that they can
produce their own food by photosynthesis. This is
one thing these bacteria have in common with the
members of the kingdom Plantae, the plants. Most
bacteria are not able to do this.
Warning: There is an alternative classification of all
living things into 5 kingdoms. These are Animalia,
Plantae, Fungi, Protista, %26amp; Monera. Monera consists
of the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria put together
in one group with a single name.
corn is a kind of plant or spiders are a kind of animal.
All living things are in one of 3 domains. These are
Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea.
All living things are in one of 6 kingdoms. These are
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria. The kingdom eubacteria includes
exactly the same things as the domain bacteria, so
you could say bacteria and eubacteria are 2 names
for the same thing. Similarly, the domain archaea
is the same as the kingdom archaebacteria.
Cyanobacteria, is a sub-type of the domain bacteria
and thus also a sub-type of the kingdom eubacteria.
One property of the cyanobacteria is that they can
produce their own food by photosynthesis. This is
one thing these bacteria have in common with the
members of the kingdom Plantae, the plants. Most
bacteria are not able to do this.
Warning: There is an alternative classification of all
living things into 5 kingdoms. These are Animalia,
Plantae, Fungi, Protista, %26amp; Monera. Monera consists
of the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria put together
in one group with a single name.
How do bacteria affect the quality of air (good or bad)?
I need this for my biology project. Links to sites would help the most for verification reasons. Thanks!
How do bacteria affect the quality of air (good or bad)?
they spread O2 into air and we call this species to have aerobic metabolism.the others are just seperate materials to their particuls and the particuls are called unorganic.
How do bacteria affect the quality of air (good or bad)?
they spread O2 into air and we call this species to have aerobic metabolism.the others are just seperate materials to their particuls and the particuls are called unorganic.
Equation for Bacteria Growth?
Assume a population of E. Coli doubles every 20 minutes. Write an equation for the number of Ecoli, N, as a function of time, t.
what i did so far:
Nt=(N0)(2^20k)
logNt=(logN0)+20klog2
where do i go from here
Equation for Bacteria Growth?
Hi there,
I think it should be:
N(t)=(N0)*[2^(t/20)], where t is in minutes and N0 is the initial population (at t = 0 min).
That is the equation.
Reply:Nt=No * 2^t/20
let initially population is No after time t1=20 min it is No*2^ti/20
similarly proceeding for 40 and 60 min we can get the answer
paper bush
what i did so far:
Nt=(N0)(2^20k)
logNt=(logN0)+20klog2
where do i go from here
Equation for Bacteria Growth?
Hi there,
I think it should be:
N(t)=(N0)*[2^(t/20)], where t is in minutes and N0 is the initial population (at t = 0 min).
That is the equation.
Reply:Nt=No * 2^t/20
let initially population is No after time t1=20 min it is No*2^ti/20
similarly proceeding for 40 and 60 min we can get the answer
paper bush
Doesbacteria affect bacteria to died.?
Well, it may seem impossible, but yes, they can! Let me give you one simple example, among other examples.
Our skin has loads of bacteria on it, which one might consider as normal flora, since they inhabit our skin and not cause any problems. Now this normal flora has established it ground on our skin, occupying space and metabolizing however it can, and this occupance of space actually blocks partially, if not completely, the establishment of growth of pathogenic bacteria, causing most of them to not cause disease and may perhaps die in the way.This is the same way in our stomach, especially the gut.
Hope this helps!
Doesbacteria affect bacteria to died.?
Bacteria does effect other bacteria wether it is dead or not. It can use the dead bacteria for energy.
Our skin has loads of bacteria on it, which one might consider as normal flora, since they inhabit our skin and not cause any problems. Now this normal flora has established it ground on our skin, occupying space and metabolizing however it can, and this occupance of space actually blocks partially, if not completely, the establishment of growth of pathogenic bacteria, causing most of them to not cause disease and may perhaps die in the way.This is the same way in our stomach, especially the gut.
Hope this helps!
Doesbacteria affect bacteria to died.?
Bacteria does effect other bacteria wether it is dead or not. It can use the dead bacteria for energy.
Why is bacteria important to the soil?
There are many uses of bacteria in soil.
1.they decompose dead bodies and help in recycling of nutrients.
2.They fix nitrogen.
3.They make nutrients available to the plants.
4.They secrete hormones and help in plant growth.
Why is bacteria important to the soil?
Nitrogen fixation.
Reply:Because sometimes some bacteria have good things that the soil need
Reply:they help in maintaining the nitrogen balance of the soil...they r just too good ...u cant just imagine a micro organism can do.
Reply:Soil, minerals , salts etc etc are all life less bodies. Its life that changes the structure of these bodies , due to putrifaction , chemical reaction and so on.Therefore all the organic matter of life like fallen trees, dead animals, birds, insects and also humans all get burried under soil and It is the bacteria which is primarly responsible to break all these organic matter to different chemical composition like salts, minerals , phospates etc. The soil digests and absorbs all the organic matter with the help of bacteria and hence it is important to soil.
Reply:Soil fertility
Reply:its important to us too there is always bacteria on us apparently they eat the waste that our bodies produce, so it would do the same in soil also, to eat the waste that is present
Reply:bacteria decomposes wastes and even bodies.
1.they decompose dead bodies and help in recycling of nutrients.
2.They fix nitrogen.
3.They make nutrients available to the plants.
4.They secrete hormones and help in plant growth.
Why is bacteria important to the soil?
Nitrogen fixation.
Reply:Because sometimes some bacteria have good things that the soil need
Reply:they help in maintaining the nitrogen balance of the soil...they r just too good ...u cant just imagine a micro organism can do.
Reply:Soil, minerals , salts etc etc are all life less bodies. Its life that changes the structure of these bodies , due to putrifaction , chemical reaction and so on.Therefore all the organic matter of life like fallen trees, dead animals, birds, insects and also humans all get burried under soil and It is the bacteria which is primarly responsible to break all these organic matter to different chemical composition like salts, minerals , phospates etc. The soil digests and absorbs all the organic matter with the help of bacteria and hence it is important to soil.
Reply:Soil fertility
Reply:its important to us too there is always bacteria on us apparently they eat the waste that our bodies produce, so it would do the same in soil also, to eat the waste that is present
Reply:bacteria decomposes wastes and even bodies.
Why do bacteria grow better at a pH of 7 and fungi at pH 5?
http://sps.nus.edu.sg/~weeeechi/investig...
Why do bacteria grow better at a pH of 7 and fungi at pH 5?
their chemical properties which play a role in their metabolic processes and basic functioning.
preferences are just related to their evolutionary ancestors and where they originated from.
Why do bacteria grow better at a pH of 7 and fungi at pH 5?
their chemical properties which play a role in their metabolic processes and basic functioning.
preferences are just related to their evolutionary ancestors and where they originated from.
How are bacteria cells and animal cells similar? How are they different?
Similar -
1. have DNA to direct formation of proteins
2. have cytoplasm, plasma membrane
3. carry on usual life processes: cellular respiration, reproduction, metabolism, gaseous exchange, ...
Different -
1. Bacteria are prokaryotes with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; animal cells are eukaryotic with nucleus and organelles.
2. Bacteria are unicellular; animals multicellular.
3. Bacteria have cell walls outside the plasma membrane; animals have no cell walls.
4. Bacteria have a single circular chromosome; animals have distinct chromosomes.
daphne
1. have DNA to direct formation of proteins
2. have cytoplasm, plasma membrane
3. carry on usual life processes: cellular respiration, reproduction, metabolism, gaseous exchange, ...
Different -
1. Bacteria are prokaryotes with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; animal cells are eukaryotic with nucleus and organelles.
2. Bacteria are unicellular; animals multicellular.
3. Bacteria have cell walls outside the plasma membrane; animals have no cell walls.
4. Bacteria have a single circular chromosome; animals have distinct chromosomes.
daphne
How are bacteria and fungi used to make foods that we eat?
Yogurt and cheese - Lactobacillus is the bacteria that is used for these.
Bread, wine/beer - Fungi in the form of yeast are used for these.
Yeast feeds off the sugars that are around and generate carbon dioxide which creates the bubbles that helps bread rise. It ferments the sugars to help make wine and beer.
Bacteria is helped used to process certain foods to alter the way they are - like from milk to yogurt or cheese. The presence of this bacteria helps prevent other bacteria from forming, thus helping to preserve milk by making cheese for example.
How are bacteria and fungi used to make foods that we eat?
fermentation with alcohol, beer, and some other products. Cheeses are acidified by exposure to bacteria, and grow mold for flavor/aroma.
Reply:bacteria and fungi could either be eaten direcly as food or take part in food processing,eg mushroom can be eaten while yeast is also eaten and used in fermenting suger to alcohol
Reply:fermentation
Bread, wine/beer - Fungi in the form of yeast are used for these.
Yeast feeds off the sugars that are around and generate carbon dioxide which creates the bubbles that helps bread rise. It ferments the sugars to help make wine and beer.
Bacteria is helped used to process certain foods to alter the way they are - like from milk to yogurt or cheese. The presence of this bacteria helps prevent other bacteria from forming, thus helping to preserve milk by making cheese for example.
How are bacteria and fungi used to make foods that we eat?
fermentation with alcohol, beer, and some other products. Cheeses are acidified by exposure to bacteria, and grow mold for flavor/aroma.
Reply:bacteria and fungi could either be eaten direcly as food or take part in food processing,eg mushroom can be eaten while yeast is also eaten and used in fermenting suger to alcohol
Reply:fermentation
How are bacteria and fungi used to make foods that we eat?
Yogurt and cheese - Lactobacillus is the bacteria that is used for these.
Bread, wine/beer - Fungi in the form of yeast are used for these.
Yeast feeds off the sugars that are around and generate carbon dioxide which creates the bubbles that helps bread rise. It ferments the sugars to help make wine and beer.
Bacteria is helped used to process certain foods to alter the way they are - like from milk to yogurt or cheese. The presence of this bacteria helps prevent other bacteria from forming, thus helping to preserve milk by making cheese for example.
How are bacteria and fungi used to make foods that we eat?
fermentation with alcohol, beer, and some other products. Cheeses are acidified by exposure to bacteria, and grow mold for flavor/aroma.
Reply:bacteria and fungi could either be eaten direcly as food or take part in food processing,eg mushroom can be eaten while yeast is also eaten and used in fermenting suger to alcohol
Reply:fermentation
Bread, wine/beer - Fungi in the form of yeast are used for these.
Yeast feeds off the sugars that are around and generate carbon dioxide which creates the bubbles that helps bread rise. It ferments the sugars to help make wine and beer.
Bacteria is helped used to process certain foods to alter the way they are - like from milk to yogurt or cheese. The presence of this bacteria helps prevent other bacteria from forming, thus helping to preserve milk by making cheese for example.
How are bacteria and fungi used to make foods that we eat?
fermentation with alcohol, beer, and some other products. Cheeses are acidified by exposure to bacteria, and grow mold for flavor/aroma.
Reply:bacteria and fungi could either be eaten direcly as food or take part in food processing,eg mushroom can be eaten while yeast is also eaten and used in fermenting suger to alcohol
Reply:fermentation
Why is bacteria considered a living organism and a virus not?
Can you please tell me? You don't have to give me a complete, full, detailed explanation. Maybe just a few sentences or more telling me why. I hope that's not too much to ask. Thanks!!! =)
Why is bacteria considered a living organism and a virus not?
a virus cannot reproduce, on its own. Instead it must infect a host cell and use that cell's machinery (organells, enzymes, etc.) in order to procreate. Bacteria, on the other hand, can reproduce naturally without depending on the organelles of another organism.
It should be noted that in the science community this is currently heatedly debated and that this aspect of the current definition of "living" may change, sometime in the near future, to include viruses in the category of the living.
Reply:viruses cant reproduce on their own, they have to clamp onto a "really" living thing in order to live, reproduce, feed, etc.
Bac is a self sufficent fully realized organism, and its all over your body!!
eww! ;)
Reply:A bacteria is a living cell, a virus is just protein
Reply:Both are living organisms, I believe, unless you're talking about the kind of virus that infects computer systems.
Reply:There are certain "things" something needs to have to be considered as living and those "things" that you need viruses do not have.
Reply:bacteria is just a doom things that feast upon doomed humans of doom
Reply:Based on the cell theory, the cell is the basic unit of life. Since a bacteria can reproduce on its own asexually and sexually through conjugation it is considered alive. A virus cannot reproduce in the ways that we consider sexual or asexual reproduction
Reply:a virus is a protein that must bond to a host organism and multiply and mutate.
bacteria is a cellular organism and is composed of organelles that make it function as a whole.
Reply:A living organism eats, deficates (produces waste), reproduces and dies. Bacteria does these acts.
A virus is a small container of DNA that latches onto a cell and injects itself into the cell causing it to duplicate its DNA and continue the process. A virus does not eat, does not "die" in the traditional sense but does replicate itself.
Reply:Well bacteria can reproduce by itself while a virus has to use an another oraganism after infecting the cell, it becomes into clone like replica. While bacteria is can reproduce and tends to be more complex than viruses.
Reply:Bacteria is considred an living organism because it shows signs of the 7 main charcteristics of life. (Homeostasis, Organization, Metabolism, Growth, Adaptation, Response to stimuli and, Reproduction). While bacteria shows all 7 viruses aren't classified as living because they don't actually self-reproduce they must use a host cell.
Reply:Um... well, I'm certainly no genius, but i do know that bacteria is considered a living thing because of its structure, its a single-celled oraganism. A virus is different because it isnt alive at all, it just affects parts of a living body to slow down its functions. Thats why bacterial infections can be treated and usually cured, because bacteria can die, but viral infections cant because they were never living. Vaccines can help with that. Hopefully i helped rather than confusing you.
Reply:Bacteria are their own living organism. Viruses are half of an organism. Their hosts (i.e. you) provide the other half. They then attack your cells that make you you.
Reply:VIRUSES: What are They?
viruses (n.) Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants, animals, and bacteria that often cause disease and that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat. Unable to replicate without a host cell, viruses are typically not considered living organisms.
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Fourth Edition
NEW! Virus Animation
Learn about viruses through our new animated powerpoint presentation. Watch a phage invade a bacterium. Learn about how viruses take over a cell and multiply. Examine different virus structures and learn about the history of virology research.
http://www.cs.unc.edu/Research/nano/ed/p...
Are Viruses Living or Non-living?
This is a difficult question to answer because we have yet to define what it means to be living. Does having a DNA mean that it is living? Does having the ability to reproduce mean that it is living? Does needing food and metabolising mean that it is living?
Clearly, viruses are more complicated than chemical molecules. Yet, much simplier than the most basic single cell organism. Similar to organisms, viruses are made up of proteins and nucleic acid which are organic compounds. Some viruses have a lipid membrane. They evolve and mutate. A virus has the potential to reproduce with the aid of their host cell, but does not need energy to persist, i.e. does not need food.
So for now, depending on how YOU define living, a virus can be either living or non-living.
Virus Structure
Viruses are nucleic acid coated with proteins. The nucleic acid can be either RNA or ss-DNA or ds-DNA. The protein coat is typically an assembly of one to several protein subunits.
Reply:Viruses are composed of DNA or RNA and proteins. In order to reproduce, they hijack cells, bacteria for example, and their protein synthesis mechanisms (mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, etc.). Thus, viruses lack the ability to divide, as living cells do, but certainly not to reproduce. Also, some viruses lack the peripheral mechanisms of cells, like photosynthetic organelles, while others do not and can extravagently bore a hole into the membrane of cells. Some people think that this excludes viruses from the fraternity of 'life,' and others do not. There is by no means a consenus as to whether viruses constitute life, nor whether this is important at all.
Why is bacteria considered a living organism and a virus not?
a virus cannot reproduce, on its own. Instead it must infect a host cell and use that cell's machinery (organells, enzymes, etc.) in order to procreate. Bacteria, on the other hand, can reproduce naturally without depending on the organelles of another organism.
It should be noted that in the science community this is currently heatedly debated and that this aspect of the current definition of "living" may change, sometime in the near future, to include viruses in the category of the living.
Reply:viruses cant reproduce on their own, they have to clamp onto a "really" living thing in order to live, reproduce, feed, etc.
Bac is a self sufficent fully realized organism, and its all over your body!!
eww! ;)
Reply:A bacteria is a living cell, a virus is just protein
Reply:Both are living organisms, I believe, unless you're talking about the kind of virus that infects computer systems.
Reply:There are certain "things" something needs to have to be considered as living and those "things" that you need viruses do not have.
Reply:bacteria is just a doom things that feast upon doomed humans of doom
Reply:Based on the cell theory, the cell is the basic unit of life. Since a bacteria can reproduce on its own asexually and sexually through conjugation it is considered alive. A virus cannot reproduce in the ways that we consider sexual or asexual reproduction
Reply:a virus is a protein that must bond to a host organism and multiply and mutate.
bacteria is a cellular organism and is composed of organelles that make it function as a whole.
Reply:A living organism eats, deficates (produces waste), reproduces and dies. Bacteria does these acts.
A virus is a small container of DNA that latches onto a cell and injects itself into the cell causing it to duplicate its DNA and continue the process. A virus does not eat, does not "die" in the traditional sense but does replicate itself.
Reply:Well bacteria can reproduce by itself while a virus has to use an another oraganism after infecting the cell, it becomes into clone like replica. While bacteria is can reproduce and tends to be more complex than viruses.
Reply:Bacteria is considred an living organism because it shows signs of the 7 main charcteristics of life. (Homeostasis, Organization, Metabolism, Growth, Adaptation, Response to stimuli and, Reproduction). While bacteria shows all 7 viruses aren't classified as living because they don't actually self-reproduce they must use a host cell.
Reply:Um... well, I'm certainly no genius, but i do know that bacteria is considered a living thing because of its structure, its a single-celled oraganism. A virus is different because it isnt alive at all, it just affects parts of a living body to slow down its functions. Thats why bacterial infections can be treated and usually cured, because bacteria can die, but viral infections cant because they were never living. Vaccines can help with that. Hopefully i helped rather than confusing you.
Reply:Bacteria are their own living organism. Viruses are half of an organism. Their hosts (i.e. you) provide the other half. They then attack your cells that make you you.
Reply:VIRUSES: What are They?
viruses (n.) Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants, animals, and bacteria that often cause disease and that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat. Unable to replicate without a host cell, viruses are typically not considered living organisms.
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Fourth Edition
NEW! Virus Animation
Learn about viruses through our new animated powerpoint presentation. Watch a phage invade a bacterium. Learn about how viruses take over a cell and multiply. Examine different virus structures and learn about the history of virology research.
http://www.cs.unc.edu/Research/nano/ed/p...
Are Viruses Living or Non-living?
This is a difficult question to answer because we have yet to define what it means to be living. Does having a DNA mean that it is living? Does having the ability to reproduce mean that it is living? Does needing food and metabolising mean that it is living?
Clearly, viruses are more complicated than chemical molecules. Yet, much simplier than the most basic single cell organism. Similar to organisms, viruses are made up of proteins and nucleic acid which are organic compounds. Some viruses have a lipid membrane. They evolve and mutate. A virus has the potential to reproduce with the aid of their host cell, but does not need energy to persist, i.e. does not need food.
So for now, depending on how YOU define living, a virus can be either living or non-living.
Virus Structure
Viruses are nucleic acid coated with proteins. The nucleic acid can be either RNA or ss-DNA or ds-DNA. The protein coat is typically an assembly of one to several protein subunits.
Reply:Viruses are composed of DNA or RNA and proteins. In order to reproduce, they hijack cells, bacteria for example, and their protein synthesis mechanisms (mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, etc.). Thus, viruses lack the ability to divide, as living cells do, but certainly not to reproduce. Also, some viruses lack the peripheral mechanisms of cells, like photosynthetic organelles, while others do not and can extravagently bore a hole into the membrane of cells. Some people think that this excludes viruses from the fraternity of 'life,' and others do not. There is by no means a consenus as to whether viruses constitute life, nor whether this is important at all.
Treatments for bacteria?
Bacteria likes spa, whirlpool bath, maybe a massage....
Seriously, the standard treatment against bacteria infection are antibiotics.
The choice of right drug depends upon cause of infection, site of infection, individual been infected and (sadly but true) price of the drug.
Treatments for bacteria?
Maybe against bacteria? Or you would like to cure the little ones?
Reply:Antibiotics.
camellia
Seriously, the standard treatment against bacteria infection are antibiotics.
The choice of right drug depends upon cause of infection, site of infection, individual been infected and (sadly but true) price of the drug.
Treatments for bacteria?
Maybe against bacteria? Or you would like to cure the little ones?
Reply:Antibiotics.
camellia
How do bacteria adapt to new environments?
By reproducing in huge numbers.
Oversimplification:
Say you've got 1% variation in your genes, so 1 out of every 100 bacteria that derive from you (a bacterium, in this case) is just a teensy-weensy bit different than the others.
If you make millions of offspring, MOST are going to be like you, but some of them are going to be different... (sort of like the brothers and sisters from the same parents aren't all the same.)
Every now and then, one of those differences is going to make the bacteria breed easier.
So say you normally live in salt water, but there is a protein you can make that helps you live without salt... maybe you make enough of this protein that you can survive, oh, fresh water from rain running into your salt water.
Now, say one of your offspring makes a LOT of this protein...
...Now, the offspring of THAT offspring is going to live through the water stopping being salty, right?
If the water then went totally fresh, and the new bacteria were all derived from your one weird offspring, your family of bacteria will be said to have adapted...because now you ALL make that protein. (or you died.)
Oversimplification:
Say you've got 1% variation in your genes, so 1 out of every 100 bacteria that derive from you (a bacterium, in this case) is just a teensy-weensy bit different than the others.
If you make millions of offspring, MOST are going to be like you, but some of them are going to be different... (sort of like the brothers and sisters from the same parents aren't all the same.)
Every now and then, one of those differences is going to make the bacteria breed easier.
So say you normally live in salt water, but there is a protein you can make that helps you live without salt... maybe you make enough of this protein that you can survive, oh, fresh water from rain running into your salt water.
Now, say one of your offspring makes a LOT of this protein...
...Now, the offspring of THAT offspring is going to live through the water stopping being salty, right?
If the water then went totally fresh, and the new bacteria were all derived from your one weird offspring, your family of bacteria will be said to have adapted...because now you ALL make that protein. (or you died.)
How do bacteria and viruses cause diseases?
Viruses cause disease by damaging cells and cell operation. They infiltrate, alter, and eventually destroy your organs one cell at a time. As the various tissues get more and more damaged, they malfunction and cause symptoms.
Bacteria usually cause sickness by releasing toxins wich interfer with your bodily processes. Sometimes these poisons also damage your tissues and sicken you in much the same way as a virus.
Most of what we think of as "being sick" is not actually the pathogens fault, it is the bodies attempt to cleanse itself that causes our symptoms. Like a fever, that is a body response in an attempt to burn out the invader.
How do bacteria and viruses cause diseases?
Agree with juicy_wishun. Also, bacteria reproduces in your body when it finds ideal thriving conditions. Usually moist dark place. Viruses, on the other hand, inject their own DNA into your cells. That causes the cell to produce more viruses. The period of time it takes for the cell to produce and release the virus can vary. Retroviruses, such as HIV, inject their own rNA into the host cell's DNA. Antibiotics work only on bacteria. Antivirals usually only reduce the viral load as they are ineffective in killing the viral DNA inside host cells. Fungi are also difficult to destroy, because when presented with an unsuitable environment, the fungus DNA becomes incapsulated and can survive for extrememly long periods of time until more suitable thriving conditions present themselves.
Bacteria usually cause sickness by releasing toxins wich interfer with your bodily processes. Sometimes these poisons also damage your tissues and sicken you in much the same way as a virus.
Most of what we think of as "being sick" is not actually the pathogens fault, it is the bodies attempt to cleanse itself that causes our symptoms. Like a fever, that is a body response in an attempt to burn out the invader.
How do bacteria and viruses cause diseases?
Agree with juicy_wishun. Also, bacteria reproduces in your body when it finds ideal thriving conditions. Usually moist dark place. Viruses, on the other hand, inject their own DNA into your cells. That causes the cell to produce more viruses. The period of time it takes for the cell to produce and release the virus can vary. Retroviruses, such as HIV, inject their own rNA into the host cell's DNA. Antibiotics work only on bacteria. Antivirals usually only reduce the viral load as they are ineffective in killing the viral DNA inside host cells. Fungi are also difficult to destroy, because when presented with an unsuitable environment, the fungus DNA becomes incapsulated and can survive for extrememly long periods of time until more suitable thriving conditions present themselves.
A new bacteria scare is in the air what will it be next year (squirrel flu)? Did the Bird Flu away with Rummy
Amazing how the SO-CALLED liberal media is getting soooooo many commercials from the drug corporations to spread the fear.
A new bacteria scare is in the air what will it be next year (squirrel flu)? Did the Bird Flu away with Rummy
The threat is real.
A new bacteria scare is in the air what will it be next year (squirrel flu)? Did the Bird Flu away with Rummy
The threat is real.
A new bacteria scare is in the air what will it be next year? Did the fake Bird flu away with Rummy?
The bird flu threat is not gone. It is still being watched, and still represents a grave threat, since no human immunity exists for it and it is now widespread in domestic bird populations.
A new bacteria scare is in the air what will it be next year? Did the fake Bird flu away with Rummy?
Did your lack of intelligence elope with your common sense? Cause they don't seem to be here at present...
lady slipper
A new bacteria scare is in the air what will it be next year? Did the fake Bird flu away with Rummy?
Did your lack of intelligence elope with your common sense? Cause they don't seem to be here at present...
lady slipper
Compare protists bacteria and fungi?
Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms. They are mostly unicellular, and they have no nucleus and other cell structures.
Protists and Fungi, on the other hand, are eukaryotes, which are unicellular or multicellular organisms that have a nucleus and complex structures like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
for more details, go to an encyclopedia website like http://www.wikipedia.org
Protists and Fungi, on the other hand, are eukaryotes, which are unicellular or multicellular organisms that have a nucleus and complex structures like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
for more details, go to an encyclopedia website like http://www.wikipedia.org
Does photosynthetic bacteria have chloroplasts?
No. Bacteria are prokaryotes, meaning they have no specialized organelles enclosed by membranes. The ones that are photosynthetic simply have pigments that work similarly to chlorophyll.
Does photosynthetic bacteria have chloroplasts?
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) do not have choroplasts but they certainly do have chlorophyll. It is found in the cytoplasm, not in a membrane-bound organelle. There exists two forms of chlorophyll (a and b) which absorb different wavelengths. These bacteria only have the a-type.
Does photosynthetic bacteria have chloroplasts?
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) do not have choroplasts but they certainly do have chlorophyll. It is found in the cytoplasm, not in a membrane-bound organelle. There exists two forms of chlorophyll (a and b) which absorb different wavelengths. These bacteria only have the a-type.
Does the bacteria count increase if you do not wash the bottle between uses? ( I need 3 articles)?
I really need to have 3 articles answering this question or giving background info on this question. It would be greatly appreciated. :)
Does the bacteria count increase if you do not wash the bottle between uses? ( I need 3 articles)?
I don't think I can find any articles on that, sorry, because it's kind of intuitive. Bacteria are all around us, especially in the air. That is why we always work under the hood of the flame to discourage contamination. If you aren't even in an aseptic technique there there is a high chance there will be contamination in the bottle.
Does the bacteria count increase if you do not wash the bottle between uses? ( I need 3 articles)?
I don't think I can find any articles on that, sorry, because it's kind of intuitive. Bacteria are all around us, especially in the air. That is why we always work under the hood of the flame to discourage contamination. If you aren't even in an aseptic technique there there is a high chance there will be contamination in the bottle.
How are bacteria pathogenic, how does it affect humans?
There are many ways that bacteria can be pathogenic.
First, pathogenicity will depend upon whether the bacterium is Gram-positive or Gram-negative. If Gram-positive, the bacterium can produce endotoxins. These endotoxins are released when the bacterium dies or is destroyed by the body's immune system. Endotoxins will raise fever, possibly cause the body to go into shock or death. Very bad.
In Gram-negative cells, endotoxins can also be produced. Also, in the cell wall of Gram-negatives, there is a component called lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The lipid portion of LPS is called lipid A. Lipid A is very pathogenic and acts like an endotoxin.
Also, some bacteria are able to produce a capsule that surrounds the cell wall. The capsule is made of polysaccharides and/or polypeptides. The capsule is extremely pathogenic, causing the same signs and symptoms listed above.
There are other factors that can cause pathogenesis, but these are the main ones.
dendrobium
First, pathogenicity will depend upon whether the bacterium is Gram-positive or Gram-negative. If Gram-positive, the bacterium can produce endotoxins. These endotoxins are released when the bacterium dies or is destroyed by the body's immune system. Endotoxins will raise fever, possibly cause the body to go into shock or death. Very bad.
In Gram-negative cells, endotoxins can also be produced. Also, in the cell wall of Gram-negatives, there is a component called lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The lipid portion of LPS is called lipid A. Lipid A is very pathogenic and acts like an endotoxin.
Also, some bacteria are able to produce a capsule that surrounds the cell wall. The capsule is made of polysaccharides and/or polypeptides. The capsule is extremely pathogenic, causing the same signs and symptoms listed above.
There are other factors that can cause pathogenesis, but these are the main ones.
dendrobium
How does bacteria help plants live?
Bacteria and fungi in the soil process nutrients in the soil into a form that the plants can utilize. Dead plant material, decaying animals, dung, etc. contain the nutrients plants need to grow, but they have no access to them until they are broken down into a form that can be used in the plant's physiological processes. This is the job of the soil microorganisms. Not just bacteria, but fungi, protozoa, nematodes, etc.
How does bacteria help plants live?
certain bacteria eat bad bacteria... and some bacteria eat molecules or other bacteria to convert this food source into energy and eventually excrement which could be a readily available source of nutrients for plants... look at it this way... .
bacteria breaks down organics... such as say ...an apple... throw the apple outside on the ground and eventually it rots... bacteria helps break this down.... then one day you look and see worms... worms are eating this bacteria and turning it into energy and then excreting it to nutrients available for plants...
How does bacteria help plants live?
certain bacteria eat bad bacteria... and some bacteria eat molecules or other bacteria to convert this food source into energy and eventually excrement which could be a readily available source of nutrients for plants... look at it this way... .
bacteria breaks down organics... such as say ...an apple... throw the apple outside on the ground and eventually it rots... bacteria helps break this down.... then one day you look and see worms... worms are eating this bacteria and turning it into energy and then excreting it to nutrients available for plants...
How are bacteria formed? ahh i know its a useless question but im hellbent to find out how?
http://www.earthlife.net/prokaryotes/bac...
There you go good sir.
How are bacteria formed? ahh i know its a useless question but im hellbent to find out how?
JUst by the air and people, and dead skin cells and all that awsome stuff..
Reply:it by itself they formed in dirty conditions
Reply:Hey! I wish i could help you, but i can tell you to check the internet for answers,try goggle search. Good Luck.
Reply:Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. The term "bacteria" has variously applied to all prokaryotes or to a major group of them, otherwise called the eubacteria, depending on ideas about their relationships. Here, bacteria is used specifically to refer to the eubacteria. Another major group of bacteria (used in the broadest, non-taxonomic sense) are the Archaea. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a subfield of microbiology.
Bacteria are the most abundant of all organisms. They are ubiquitous in soil, water, and as symbionts of other organisms. Many pathogens are bacteria. Most are minute, usually only 0.5-5.0 ºm in their longest dimension, although giant bacteria like Thiomargarita namibiensis and Epulopiscium fishelsoni may grow past 0.5 mm in size. They generally have cell walls, like plant and fungal cells, but bacterial cell walls are normally made out of peptidoglycan instead of cellulose (as in plants) or chitin (as in fungi), and are not homologous with eukaryotic cell walls. Many move around using flagella, which are different in structure from the flagella of other groups.
The first bacteria were observed by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 using a single-lens microscope of his own design. The name bacterium was introduced much later, by Ehrenberg in 1828, derived from the Greek word meaning "small stick". Because of the difficulty in describing individual bacteria and the importance of their discovery to fields such as medicine, biochemistry, and geochemistry, the history of bacteriology is generally described as the history of microbiology.
As prokaryotes (organisms without the cell nucleus)all bacteria have a relatively simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Most bacteria are relatively small and possess distinctive cell and colony morphologies (shapes) as described below. The most important bacterial structural characteristic is the cell wall. Bacteria can be divided into two groups (Gram positive and Gram negative) based on differences in cell wall structure as revealed by Gram staining. Gram positive bacteria possess a cell wall containing a thick peptidoglycan (called Murein in older sources) layer and teichoic acids while Gram negative bacteria have an outer, lipopolysaccharide-containing membrane and a thin peptidoglycan layer located in the periplasm (the region between the outer and cytoplasmic membranes).
Many bacteria contain other extracellular structures such as flagella and fimbriae which are used for motility (movement), attachment, and conjugation respectively. Some bacteria also contain capsules or slime layers that also facilitate bacterial attachment to surfaces and biofilm formation. Bacteria contain relatively few intracellular structures compared to eukaryotes but do contain a tightly supercoiled chromosome, ribosomes, and several other species-specific structures such as intracellular membranes, nutrient storage structures, gas vesicles, and magnetosomes. Some bacteria are capable of forming endospores which allows them to survive extreme environmental and chemical stresses. This property is restricted to specific Gram positive organisms such as Bacillus and Clostridium.
In contrast to higher organisms, bacteria exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types. In fact, it is widely accepted that eukaryotic metabolism is largely a derivative of bacterial metabolism with mitochondria having descended from a lineage within the -Proteobacteria and chloroplasts from the Cyanobacteria by ancient endosymbiotic events. Bacterial metabolism can be divided broadly on the basis of the kind of energy used for growth, electron donors and electron acceptors and by the source of carbon used. Most bacteria are heterotrophic; using organic carbon compounds as both carbon and energy sources.
In aerobic organisms, oxygen is used as the terminal electron acceptor. In anaerobic organisms other inorganic compounds, such as nitrate, sulfate or carbon dioxide as terminal electron acceptors leading to the environmentally important processes of denitrification, sulfate reduction and acetogenesis, respectively. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing power, secreting metabolic by-products (such as ethanol in brewing) as waste.
Facultative anaerobes can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors depending on the environmental conditions in which they find themselves. As an alternative to heterotrophy many bacteria are autotrophic, fixing carbon dioxide into cell mass. Energy metabolism of bacteria is either based on phototrophy or chemotrophy, i. e. the use of either light or exergonic chemical reactions for fueling life processes. Lithotrophic bacteria use inorganic electron donors for respiration (chemolithotrophs) or biosynthesis and carbon dioxide fixation (photolithotrophs), opposed by organotrophs which need organic compounds as electron donors for biosynthetic reactions (and mostly as well as carbon sources).
Common inorganic electron donors are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia (leading to nitrification), ferrous iron, other reduced metal ions or even elemental iron and several reduced sulfur compounds. Additionally, methane metabolism, although formally counted as organotrophic, is actually more related to lithotrophic metabolic pathways. In both aerobic phototrophy and chemolithotrophy oxygen is used as a terminal electron acceptor, while under anaerobic conditions inorganic compounds (see above) are used instead. Most photolithotrophic and chemolithotrophic organisms are autotrophic, meaning that they obtain cellular carbon by fixation of carbon dioxide, whereas photoorganotrophic and chemoorganotrophic organisms are heterotrophic. In addition to carbon, some organisms also fix nitrogen gas (nitrogen fixation).
This environmentally important trait can be found in bacteria of nearly all the metabolic types listed above but is not universal. The distribution of metabolic traits within a group of organisms has traditionally been used to define their taxonomy, although these traits often do not correspond with genetic techniques.
All bacteria reproduce through asexual reproduction (binary fission) which results in cell division. Two identical clone daughter cells are produced. Some bacteria, while still reproducing asexually, form more complex reproductive structures that facilitate the dispersal of the newly-formed daughter cells. Examples include fruiting body formation by Myxococcus and arial hyphae formation by Streptomyces.
In the laboratory, bacteria are usually grown using two methods, solid and liquid. Solid growth media such as agar plates are used to isolate pure cultures of a bacterial strain. When quantitation of growth or large volumes of cells are required liquid growth media are generally used. Growth in liquid media, with stirring, most often occurs as an even cell suspension making the cultures easier to divide and transfer compared to solid media, although the isolation of individual cells from liquid media is extremely difficult. In both liquid and solid media there exist a finite amount of nutrients, which allows for the study of the bacterial cell cycle.
These limitations can be avoided by the use of a chemostat, which maintains a bacterial culture under steady-state conditions by the continuous addition of nutrients and the removal of waste products and cells. Large chemostats are often used for industrial-scale microbial processes.Most techniques commonly used to grow bacteria are designed to optimise the amount of cells produced, the amount of time needed to produce them, and the cost to produce them. In a bacterium's natural environment nutrients are limited, meaning that bacteria cannot continue to reproduce indefinitely. This constant limitation of nutrients has led the evolution of many different growth strategies in different types of organisms.
Some possess the ability to grow extremely rapidly when nutrients become available, such as the formation of algal (and cyanobacterial) blooms that often occur in lakes during the summer. Other organisms have devised more specialized strategies to make them more successful in a harsh environment, such as the production of antibiotics by Streptomyces; often at the expense of a slower growth rate. In a natural environment, many organisms live in communities (e.g. biofilms) which may allow for increased supply of nutrients and protection of environmental stresses. Often these relationships are essential for growth of a particular organism or group of organisms (syntrophy).
These evolutionary tactics to overcome nutrient limitation must be accounted for in an industrial/laboratory bacterial growth experiment. For instance bacteria that tend to agglutinate may need more vigorous stirring to break apart any large bacterial masses. The main growth attribute that must be understood for controlled growth is that bacteria have defined growth phases.A controlled bacterial growth will follow three distinct phases. Nearly all cultures start from taking a relatively old stock of bacteria and diluting them in to fresh media; these cells need to adapt to the nutrient rich environment.
The first phase of growth is the lag phase, a period of slow growth most often attributed to the need for cells to adapt to fast growth. The lag phase has high biosynthesis rates; enzymes needed to metabolise a variety of substrates are produced. The second phase of growth is the logarithmic phase (log phase), also known as the exponential phase. The log phase is marked by rapid exponential growth. The rate at which cells grow during this phase is known as the growth rate (k). The time it takes the cells to double during the log phase is known as the generation time (g).
During the log phase, nutrients are metabolised at maximum speed until they are all gone. The final phase of growth is the stationary phase. This phase of growth is caused by depleted nutrients. The cells begin to shut down their metabolic activity, as well as break-down their own non-essential proteins. The stationary phase is a transition from rapid growth to dormancy. The cells turn off all non-essential functions, such as bacterial conjugation.
Motile bacteria can move about, using flagella, bacterial gliding, or changes of buoyancy. A unique group of bacteria, the spirochaetes, have structures similar to flagella, called axial filaments, between two membranes in the periplasmic space. They have a distinctive helical body that twists about as it moves.
Bacterial flagella are arranged in many different ways. Bacteria can have a single polar flagellum at one end of a cell, clusters of many flagella at one end or flagella scattered all over the cell, as with peritrichous. Many bacteria (such as E.coli) have two distinct modes of movement: forward movement (swimming) and tumbling. The tumbling allows them to reorient and introduces an important element of randomness in their forward movement.
Motile bacteria are attracted or repelled by certain stimuli, behaviors called taxes - for instance, chemotaxis, phototaxis, mechanotaxis, and magnetotaxis. In one peculiar group, the myxobacteria, individual bacteria attract to form swarms and may differentiate to form fruiting bodies. The myxobacteria move only when on solid surfaces, unlike E. coli which is motile in liquid or solid media.
hope it answers your question!!!
Reply:well...when two bacterias love each other....the daddy bacteria lies down with the mommy bacteria.....aaa hell, I don't know, probably has to do with amino acids forming together at the cellular level to become protozoa.
Reply:There's no magic or spontaneous genesis. Bacteria exists. Environmental conditions either allow it to thrive or cause it to dwindle. For instance, staphylococcus exists on a medical instrument. It can't thrive because there's no food, but it is contaminated. You get treated using the instrument. Your body provides an environment that allows the bacteria to thrive. It goes through a period of rapid division brought on be the favorable conditions and abundant food supply, namely you. You get treated with antibiotics and the staph is cleared from you system, but you seeped puss onto a band-aid that got picked up by your sister who had an open wound on her finger. Staph can't thrive on the band-aid, but your sister's finger is a good place to find a meal. Cycle starts over again.
Reply:as we all know bacteria were the most primitive lifeforms on earth. they have existed before we have and they will continue to exist without us. they were formed through the interaction of amino acids which are the basic or fundamental building blocks of life and electrical current to kick start the formation of protein which most lifeforms are made up of. hope this helps.
Reply:It's not necessarily that they are formed. They grow. Bacteria is found everywhere- on everything from your skin to your food. Most bacteria is part of our normal flora. On the body, bacteria can act as a protective agent- keeping out potentially harmful bacteria. Think about it this way. I see that you're a 30 Seconds to Mars fan. Think about going to a show. You're the biggest fan and one of the first people to show up to this concert. (Hypothetically, you are going to be the normal flora. The good bacteria- the fan). Now you and all of the other big fans are right there. Front row right along the stage. Keeping out the obnoxious jerks that could possibly taint this show. You are acting as a barrier against those other people.
Now onto how bacteria grow. (Note that this is a very VERY short version of what I've learned in my microbiology class.And it probably doesn't even begin to cover all of it. :))
There are many MANY different types of bacteria. Just like other living things (bc yes all bacteria are living organisms), each type requires something different in order to grow; temperature, light, food source, water... you get the picture. Provided an ideal environment, bacteria will multiply.
Check this site out. This may explain the doubling or multiplying a little better. Hope this helps! :)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_g...
Reply:if u want to incubate bacteria in a lab you'd have sth called "medium" where bacteria can grow cz it contains nutreints, there're two main types media: general purpose media which most bacteria types can grow in. if u mean bacteria in nature, it grows as long as it finds its nutreints so that it can reproduce. u can find it any where (mouth,intestine,air,water...........ett...
Reply:Bacteria do not form out of nothing, or out of dirt, on a daily basis. That concept is called spontaneous generation, and informed society has not believed in that for centuries. Abiogenesis is the concept that the formation of organic matter from inorganic matter happened once, and took a huge number of years to do so.
Bacteria are alive. They multiple to increase their numbers, like humans, or cats, or lobsters. They also require the proper amount of nutrients, and to stay away from things that are toxic to them. But unlike animals, they do not mate, but reproduce asexually. They divide (see link below).
Bacteria are omnipresent, every surface you can see has them. Most are harmless, or even beneficial to us. Sometimes, one of these bacteria get into a place that they aren't suppose to be, and they begin to grow, and cause an infection. It's not the stepping on a rusty nail that causes tetanus, is the bacteria Clostridium tetani that is likely living on that nail.
There you go good sir.
How are bacteria formed? ahh i know its a useless question but im hellbent to find out how?
JUst by the air and people, and dead skin cells and all that awsome stuff..
Reply:it by itself they formed in dirty conditions
Reply:Hey! I wish i could help you, but i can tell you to check the internet for answers,try goggle search. Good Luck.
Reply:Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. The term "bacteria" has variously applied to all prokaryotes or to a major group of them, otherwise called the eubacteria, depending on ideas about their relationships. Here, bacteria is used specifically to refer to the eubacteria. Another major group of bacteria (used in the broadest, non-taxonomic sense) are the Archaea. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a subfield of microbiology.
Bacteria are the most abundant of all organisms. They are ubiquitous in soil, water, and as symbionts of other organisms. Many pathogens are bacteria. Most are minute, usually only 0.5-5.0 ºm in their longest dimension, although giant bacteria like Thiomargarita namibiensis and Epulopiscium fishelsoni may grow past 0.5 mm in size. They generally have cell walls, like plant and fungal cells, but bacterial cell walls are normally made out of peptidoglycan instead of cellulose (as in plants) or chitin (as in fungi), and are not homologous with eukaryotic cell walls. Many move around using flagella, which are different in structure from the flagella of other groups.
The first bacteria were observed by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 using a single-lens microscope of his own design. The name bacterium was introduced much later, by Ehrenberg in 1828, derived from the Greek word meaning "small stick". Because of the difficulty in describing individual bacteria and the importance of their discovery to fields such as medicine, biochemistry, and geochemistry, the history of bacteriology is generally described as the history of microbiology.
As prokaryotes (organisms without the cell nucleus)all bacteria have a relatively simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Most bacteria are relatively small and possess distinctive cell and colony morphologies (shapes) as described below. The most important bacterial structural characteristic is the cell wall. Bacteria can be divided into two groups (Gram positive and Gram negative) based on differences in cell wall structure as revealed by Gram staining. Gram positive bacteria possess a cell wall containing a thick peptidoglycan (called Murein in older sources) layer and teichoic acids while Gram negative bacteria have an outer, lipopolysaccharide-containing membrane and a thin peptidoglycan layer located in the periplasm (the region between the outer and cytoplasmic membranes).
Many bacteria contain other extracellular structures such as flagella and fimbriae which are used for motility (movement), attachment, and conjugation respectively. Some bacteria also contain capsules or slime layers that also facilitate bacterial attachment to surfaces and biofilm formation. Bacteria contain relatively few intracellular structures compared to eukaryotes but do contain a tightly supercoiled chromosome, ribosomes, and several other species-specific structures such as intracellular membranes, nutrient storage structures, gas vesicles, and magnetosomes. Some bacteria are capable of forming endospores which allows them to survive extreme environmental and chemical stresses. This property is restricted to specific Gram positive organisms such as Bacillus and Clostridium.
In contrast to higher organisms, bacteria exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types. In fact, it is widely accepted that eukaryotic metabolism is largely a derivative of bacterial metabolism with mitochondria having descended from a lineage within the -Proteobacteria and chloroplasts from the Cyanobacteria by ancient endosymbiotic events. Bacterial metabolism can be divided broadly on the basis of the kind of energy used for growth, electron donors and electron acceptors and by the source of carbon used. Most bacteria are heterotrophic; using organic carbon compounds as both carbon and energy sources.
In aerobic organisms, oxygen is used as the terminal electron acceptor. In anaerobic organisms other inorganic compounds, such as nitrate, sulfate or carbon dioxide as terminal electron acceptors leading to the environmentally important processes of denitrification, sulfate reduction and acetogenesis, respectively. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing power, secreting metabolic by-products (such as ethanol in brewing) as waste.
Facultative anaerobes can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors depending on the environmental conditions in which they find themselves. As an alternative to heterotrophy many bacteria are autotrophic, fixing carbon dioxide into cell mass. Energy metabolism of bacteria is either based on phototrophy or chemotrophy, i. e. the use of either light or exergonic chemical reactions for fueling life processes. Lithotrophic bacteria use inorganic electron donors for respiration (chemolithotrophs) or biosynthesis and carbon dioxide fixation (photolithotrophs), opposed by organotrophs which need organic compounds as electron donors for biosynthetic reactions (and mostly as well as carbon sources).
Common inorganic electron donors are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia (leading to nitrification), ferrous iron, other reduced metal ions or even elemental iron and several reduced sulfur compounds. Additionally, methane metabolism, although formally counted as organotrophic, is actually more related to lithotrophic metabolic pathways. In both aerobic phototrophy and chemolithotrophy oxygen is used as a terminal electron acceptor, while under anaerobic conditions inorganic compounds (see above) are used instead. Most photolithotrophic and chemolithotrophic organisms are autotrophic, meaning that they obtain cellular carbon by fixation of carbon dioxide, whereas photoorganotrophic and chemoorganotrophic organisms are heterotrophic. In addition to carbon, some organisms also fix nitrogen gas (nitrogen fixation).
This environmentally important trait can be found in bacteria of nearly all the metabolic types listed above but is not universal. The distribution of metabolic traits within a group of organisms has traditionally been used to define their taxonomy, although these traits often do not correspond with genetic techniques.
All bacteria reproduce through asexual reproduction (binary fission) which results in cell division. Two identical clone daughter cells are produced. Some bacteria, while still reproducing asexually, form more complex reproductive structures that facilitate the dispersal of the newly-formed daughter cells. Examples include fruiting body formation by Myxococcus and arial hyphae formation by Streptomyces.
In the laboratory, bacteria are usually grown using two methods, solid and liquid. Solid growth media such as agar plates are used to isolate pure cultures of a bacterial strain. When quantitation of growth or large volumes of cells are required liquid growth media are generally used. Growth in liquid media, with stirring, most often occurs as an even cell suspension making the cultures easier to divide and transfer compared to solid media, although the isolation of individual cells from liquid media is extremely difficult. In both liquid and solid media there exist a finite amount of nutrients, which allows for the study of the bacterial cell cycle.
These limitations can be avoided by the use of a chemostat, which maintains a bacterial culture under steady-state conditions by the continuous addition of nutrients and the removal of waste products and cells. Large chemostats are often used for industrial-scale microbial processes.Most techniques commonly used to grow bacteria are designed to optimise the amount of cells produced, the amount of time needed to produce them, and the cost to produce them. In a bacterium's natural environment nutrients are limited, meaning that bacteria cannot continue to reproduce indefinitely. This constant limitation of nutrients has led the evolution of many different growth strategies in different types of organisms.
Some possess the ability to grow extremely rapidly when nutrients become available, such as the formation of algal (and cyanobacterial) blooms that often occur in lakes during the summer. Other organisms have devised more specialized strategies to make them more successful in a harsh environment, such as the production of antibiotics by Streptomyces; often at the expense of a slower growth rate. In a natural environment, many organisms live in communities (e.g. biofilms) which may allow for increased supply of nutrients and protection of environmental stresses. Often these relationships are essential for growth of a particular organism or group of organisms (syntrophy).
These evolutionary tactics to overcome nutrient limitation must be accounted for in an industrial/laboratory bacterial growth experiment. For instance bacteria that tend to agglutinate may need more vigorous stirring to break apart any large bacterial masses. The main growth attribute that must be understood for controlled growth is that bacteria have defined growth phases.A controlled bacterial growth will follow three distinct phases. Nearly all cultures start from taking a relatively old stock of bacteria and diluting them in to fresh media; these cells need to adapt to the nutrient rich environment.
The first phase of growth is the lag phase, a period of slow growth most often attributed to the need for cells to adapt to fast growth. The lag phase has high biosynthesis rates; enzymes needed to metabolise a variety of substrates are produced. The second phase of growth is the logarithmic phase (log phase), also known as the exponential phase. The log phase is marked by rapid exponential growth. The rate at which cells grow during this phase is known as the growth rate (k). The time it takes the cells to double during the log phase is known as the generation time (g).
During the log phase, nutrients are metabolised at maximum speed until they are all gone. The final phase of growth is the stationary phase. This phase of growth is caused by depleted nutrients. The cells begin to shut down their metabolic activity, as well as break-down their own non-essential proteins. The stationary phase is a transition from rapid growth to dormancy. The cells turn off all non-essential functions, such as bacterial conjugation.
Motile bacteria can move about, using flagella, bacterial gliding, or changes of buoyancy. A unique group of bacteria, the spirochaetes, have structures similar to flagella, called axial filaments, between two membranes in the periplasmic space. They have a distinctive helical body that twists about as it moves.
Bacterial flagella are arranged in many different ways. Bacteria can have a single polar flagellum at one end of a cell, clusters of many flagella at one end or flagella scattered all over the cell, as with peritrichous. Many bacteria (such as E.coli) have two distinct modes of movement: forward movement (swimming) and tumbling. The tumbling allows them to reorient and introduces an important element of randomness in their forward movement.
Motile bacteria are attracted or repelled by certain stimuli, behaviors called taxes - for instance, chemotaxis, phototaxis, mechanotaxis, and magnetotaxis. In one peculiar group, the myxobacteria, individual bacteria attract to form swarms and may differentiate to form fruiting bodies. The myxobacteria move only when on solid surfaces, unlike E. coli which is motile in liquid or solid media.
hope it answers your question!!!
Reply:well...when two bacterias love each other....the daddy bacteria lies down with the mommy bacteria.....aaa hell, I don't know, probably has to do with amino acids forming together at the cellular level to become protozoa.
Reply:There's no magic or spontaneous genesis. Bacteria exists. Environmental conditions either allow it to thrive or cause it to dwindle. For instance, staphylococcus exists on a medical instrument. It can't thrive because there's no food, but it is contaminated. You get treated using the instrument. Your body provides an environment that allows the bacteria to thrive. It goes through a period of rapid division brought on be the favorable conditions and abundant food supply, namely you. You get treated with antibiotics and the staph is cleared from you system, but you seeped puss onto a band-aid that got picked up by your sister who had an open wound on her finger. Staph can't thrive on the band-aid, but your sister's finger is a good place to find a meal. Cycle starts over again.
Reply:as we all know bacteria were the most primitive lifeforms on earth. they have existed before we have and they will continue to exist without us. they were formed through the interaction of amino acids which are the basic or fundamental building blocks of life and electrical current to kick start the formation of protein which most lifeforms are made up of. hope this helps.
Reply:It's not necessarily that they are formed. They grow. Bacteria is found everywhere- on everything from your skin to your food. Most bacteria is part of our normal flora. On the body, bacteria can act as a protective agent- keeping out potentially harmful bacteria. Think about it this way. I see that you're a 30 Seconds to Mars fan. Think about going to a show. You're the biggest fan and one of the first people to show up to this concert. (Hypothetically, you are going to be the normal flora. The good bacteria- the fan). Now you and all of the other big fans are right there. Front row right along the stage. Keeping out the obnoxious jerks that could possibly taint this show. You are acting as a barrier against those other people.
Now onto how bacteria grow. (Note that this is a very VERY short version of what I've learned in my microbiology class.And it probably doesn't even begin to cover all of it. :))
There are many MANY different types of bacteria. Just like other living things (bc yes all bacteria are living organisms), each type requires something different in order to grow; temperature, light, food source, water... you get the picture. Provided an ideal environment, bacteria will multiply.
Check this site out. This may explain the doubling or multiplying a little better. Hope this helps! :)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_g...
Reply:if u want to incubate bacteria in a lab you'd have sth called "medium" where bacteria can grow cz it contains nutreints, there're two main types media: general purpose media which most bacteria types can grow in. if u mean bacteria in nature, it grows as long as it finds its nutreints so that it can reproduce. u can find it any where (mouth,intestine,air,water...........ett...
Reply:Bacteria do not form out of nothing, or out of dirt, on a daily basis. That concept is called spontaneous generation, and informed society has not believed in that for centuries. Abiogenesis is the concept that the formation of organic matter from inorganic matter happened once, and took a huge number of years to do so.
Bacteria are alive. They multiple to increase their numbers, like humans, or cats, or lobsters. They also require the proper amount of nutrients, and to stay away from things that are toxic to them. But unlike animals, they do not mate, but reproduce asexually. They divide (see link below).
Bacteria are omnipresent, every surface you can see has them. Most are harmless, or even beneficial to us. Sometimes, one of these bacteria get into a place that they aren't suppose to be, and they begin to grow, and cause an infection. It's not the stepping on a rusty nail that causes tetanus, is the bacteria Clostridium tetani that is likely living on that nail.
What are bacteria using for nutrient in nutrient agar? what the purpose of the agar?
The bacteria use the starches and carbohydrates in the agar to multiply. The purpose of agar is to be a universal growth medium for all bacterial colonies to grow
What are bacteria using for nutrient in nutrient agar? what the purpose of the agar?
carbohydrates
Reply:As a medium.
What are bacteria using for nutrient in nutrient agar? what the purpose of the agar?
carbohydrates
Reply:As a medium.
What is bacteria that remains inactive until environmental conditions are favorable?
Are you looking for a general term to describe that kind of bacteria, or for an example of a bacterium that can do that? For the second case, all bacteria in the genus Bacillus are spore forming bacteria, and there are several other groups of bacteria that also form spores (I think Clostridium is another group that forms spores).
broadleaf
broadleaf
How does bacteria adapt ?
In an environment that is not healthy for them? Mutating. They multiple like mad. Most die but some mutate and live.
It's called evolution.
How does bacteria adapt ?
By multiplying.
It's called evolution.
How does bacteria adapt ?
By multiplying.
How do bacteria excrete waste?
All cells have membrane-spanning proteins that serve as channels. They can move materials across the cell membrane, either in or out, by passive diffusion, active transport (ie ATP-consuming energy-burning motors that sort materials against a chemical gradient) or facilitated transport (ie coupled transport systems where the movement of one chemical down a chemical gradient is coupled with the transport of another chemical up a gradient). Some combination of these methods is used to transport wastes from the bacterial cell.
In eukaryotic cells (ie not bacteria, but possibly including single-celled protists and fungi) there can also be excretion of materials by the means of small vessicles made of the same lipid bilayer that the membrane is made of. When these vessicles fuse to the cell membrane, the contents spill out, and the vessicle lipids become part of the cell membrane.
How do bacteria excrete waste?
That was a great answer. Please vote.
In eukaryotic cells (ie not bacteria, but possibly including single-celled protists and fungi) there can also be excretion of materials by the means of small vessicles made of the same lipid bilayer that the membrane is made of. When these vessicles fuse to the cell membrane, the contents spill out, and the vessicle lipids become part of the cell membrane.
How do bacteria excrete waste?
That was a great answer. Please vote.
Why do bacteria live in the ocean? what is their niche?
... Stupid question really... not because the answer is obvious but rather because its not really an applicable question to ask.
Bacteria BEGAN in the oceans... and now they are just about everywhere else too. Many are still there because theres no need for them to leave. Its a physically supportive medium, rich enough in the chemical nutrients they need to survive. Beyond that, the "reasons" depend entirely on the kind of bacteria you're talking about, since you're effectively describing an entire kingdom there.
There are photosynthetic cyanobacteria... detritivorous bacteria, pathogens... all kinds of microscopic crap filling in all kinds of roles down there. They form the base of countless food chains.
Its just not plausible to give a simple answer to such an obscenely generalised query...
Bacteria BEGAN in the oceans... and now they are just about everywhere else too. Many are still there because theres no need for them to leave. Its a physically supportive medium, rich enough in the chemical nutrients they need to survive. Beyond that, the "reasons" depend entirely on the kind of bacteria you're talking about, since you're effectively describing an entire kingdom there.
There are photosynthetic cyanobacteria... detritivorous bacteria, pathogens... all kinds of microscopic crap filling in all kinds of roles down there. They form the base of countless food chains.
Its just not plausible to give a simple answer to such an obscenely generalised query...
Does the bacteria in milk really double for every 30 min its left out?
Yes!Milk is a bodily fluid from the cow. If any bodily fluid is left out unrefrigerated is has a high risk of a bacterial infestation. In milk the risk are high, but not as high as meats. Milk undergoes a process called pastuerization that alters the rate in which bacteria replicate. Even with pasterization, milk and other dairy products should be refrigerated.
Does the bacteria in milk really double for every 30 min its left out?
No, because at first the milk is probably still cool from the refrigerator.
However once the milk is warm, the bacteria do thrive.
night jasmine
Does the bacteria in milk really double for every 30 min its left out?
No, because at first the milk is probably still cool from the refrigerator.
However once the milk is warm, the bacteria do thrive.
night jasmine
Importance of bacteria and fungi to soil ecosystem as a whole?
Although often inconspicuous, fungi occur in every environment on Earth and play very important roles in most ecosystems. Along with bacteria, fungi are the major decomposers in most terrestrial (and some aquatic) ecosystems, and therefore play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles and in many food webs.
Many fungi are important as partners in symbiotic relationships with other organisms, as mutualists, parasites, or commensalists, as well as in symbiotic relationships that do not fall neatly into any of these categories. One of the most critically important of these relationships are various types of mycorrhiza, which is a kind of mutualistic relationship between fungi and plants, in which the plant's roots are closely associated with fungal hyphae and other structures. The plant donates to the fungus sugars and other carbohydrates that it manufactures from photosynthesis, while the fungus donates water and mineral nutrients that the hyphal network is able to find much more efficiently than the plant roots alone can, particularly phosphorus. The fungi also protect against diseases and pathogens and provide other benefits to the plant. Recently, plants have been found to use mycorrhizas to deliver carbohydrates and other nutrients to other plants in the same community and in some cases can make plant species that would normally exclude each other able to coexist in the same plant community. Such mycorrhizal communities are called "common mycorrhizal networks". Over 90% of the plant species on Earth are dependent on mycorrhizae of one type or another in order to survive, and it is hypothesized that the presence of terrestrial fungi may have been necessary in order for the first plants to colonize land.
In soil, microorganisms which reside in the rhizosphere (a zone that includes the root surface and the soil that adheres to the root after gentle shaking) help in the transformation of molecular dinitrogen gas as their source of nitrogen, converting it to nitrogenous compounds in a process known as nitrogen fixation. This serves to provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen for many plants, which cannot fix nitrogen themselves. Many other bacteria are found as symbionts in humans and other organisms. For example, the presence of the gut flora in the large intestine can help prevent the growth of potentially harmful microbes.
The ability of bacteria to degrade a variety of organic compounds is remarkable. Highly specialized groups of microorganisms play important roles in the mineralization of specific classes of organic compounds. For example, the decomposition of cellulose, which is one of the most abundant constituents of plant tissues, is mainly brought about by aerobic bacteria that belong to the genus Cytophaga. This ability has also been utilized by humans in industry, waste processing, and bioremediation. Bacteria capable of digesting the hydrocarbons in petroleum are often used to clean up oil spills. Some beaches in Prince William Sound were fertilized in an attempt to facilitate the growth of such bacteria after the infamous 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. These efforts were effective on beaches that were not too thickly covered in oil.
Bacteria, often in combination with yeasts and molds, are used in the preparation of fermented foods such as cheese, pickles, soy sauce, sauerkraut, vinegar, wine, and yogurt. Using biotechnology techniques, bacteria can be bioengineered for the production of therapeutic drugs, such as insulin, or for the bioremediation of toxic wastes.
"Friendly bacteria" is a term used to refer to those bacteria that offer some benefit to human hosts, such as Lactobacillus species, which convert milk protein to lactic acid in the gut. The presence of such bacterial colonies also inhibits the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria (usually through competitive exclusion). Other bacteria that are helpful inside the body are many strains of E. coli, which are harmless in healthy individuals and provide Vitamin K.
Many fungi are important as partners in symbiotic relationships with other organisms, as mutualists, parasites, or commensalists, as well as in symbiotic relationships that do not fall neatly into any of these categories. One of the most critically important of these relationships are various types of mycorrhiza, which is a kind of mutualistic relationship between fungi and plants, in which the plant's roots are closely associated with fungal hyphae and other structures. The plant donates to the fungus sugars and other carbohydrates that it manufactures from photosynthesis, while the fungus donates water and mineral nutrients that the hyphal network is able to find much more efficiently than the plant roots alone can, particularly phosphorus. The fungi also protect against diseases and pathogens and provide other benefits to the plant. Recently, plants have been found to use mycorrhizas to deliver carbohydrates and other nutrients to other plants in the same community and in some cases can make plant species that would normally exclude each other able to coexist in the same plant community. Such mycorrhizal communities are called "common mycorrhizal networks". Over 90% of the plant species on Earth are dependent on mycorrhizae of one type or another in order to survive, and it is hypothesized that the presence of terrestrial fungi may have been necessary in order for the first plants to colonize land.
In soil, microorganisms which reside in the rhizosphere (a zone that includes the root surface and the soil that adheres to the root after gentle shaking) help in the transformation of molecular dinitrogen gas as their source of nitrogen, converting it to nitrogenous compounds in a process known as nitrogen fixation. This serves to provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen for many plants, which cannot fix nitrogen themselves. Many other bacteria are found as symbionts in humans and other organisms. For example, the presence of the gut flora in the large intestine can help prevent the growth of potentially harmful microbes.
The ability of bacteria to degrade a variety of organic compounds is remarkable. Highly specialized groups of microorganisms play important roles in the mineralization of specific classes of organic compounds. For example, the decomposition of cellulose, which is one of the most abundant constituents of plant tissues, is mainly brought about by aerobic bacteria that belong to the genus Cytophaga. This ability has also been utilized by humans in industry, waste processing, and bioremediation. Bacteria capable of digesting the hydrocarbons in petroleum are often used to clean up oil spills. Some beaches in Prince William Sound were fertilized in an attempt to facilitate the growth of such bacteria after the infamous 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. These efforts were effective on beaches that were not too thickly covered in oil.
Bacteria, often in combination with yeasts and molds, are used in the preparation of fermented foods such as cheese, pickles, soy sauce, sauerkraut, vinegar, wine, and yogurt. Using biotechnology techniques, bacteria can be bioengineered for the production of therapeutic drugs, such as insulin, or for the bioremediation of toxic wastes.
"Friendly bacteria" is a term used to refer to those bacteria that offer some benefit to human hosts, such as Lactobacillus species, which convert milk protein to lactic acid in the gut. The presence of such bacterial colonies also inhibits the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria (usually through competitive exclusion). Other bacteria that are helpful inside the body are many strains of E. coli, which are harmless in healthy individuals and provide Vitamin K.
What is Bacteria growing in blood?
a positive culture...need antibioltic
What is Bacteria growing in blood?
Dangerous, because the blood carries it to all parts of the body. If it is one of the resistant strains, it can be fatal.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/...
Reply:A septic infection or sepsis or sometimes called blood poisoning. Can happen anytime an infection goes untreated for too long. Definitely need a blood culture and sensitivity, antibiotics.
What is Bacteria growing in blood?
Dangerous, because the blood carries it to all parts of the body. If it is one of the resistant strains, it can be fatal.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/...
Reply:A septic infection or sepsis or sometimes called blood poisoning. Can happen anytime an infection goes untreated for too long. Definitely need a blood culture and sensitivity, antibiotics.
How might bacteria in the body cause symptoms of fever?
Please try to answer this question or provide some websites that have answers to it.
Thanks!
How might bacteria in the body cause symptoms of fever?
The bacteria themselves do not cause the fever. The elevated body temperature is a response to the presence of bacteria, it is caused by the secretion of signalling molecules known as cytokines and pyrokines by the immune system.
As other answers mentioned, this is a defensive mechanism and can aid the immune cells (macrophages/monocytes and PMNs) in eradticating the infection. However, it is wrong to say that all bacteria are hindered by an increased temperature, many can grow just fine at slightly elevated temperatures. However, it aids the immune cells by speeding up their activities, regardless of the impact on bacteria.
Reply:It secretes some kind of toxin.
Reply:FEVER is a defense mechanism against infection..your body will simple react that there is a bacteria trying to attact your system...example a wound on your feet..if you will not cure it right away you will feel lethargic...soon you will feel some chills...from then on your body will try to counteract with the bacteria to prevent more complication...
Reply:bacteria and and viruses live and multiply well in normal body temp. the higher your body raises its temp the slower they multiply and function and somtimes the temp can kill the bacteria
Thanks!
How might bacteria in the body cause symptoms of fever?
The bacteria themselves do not cause the fever. The elevated body temperature is a response to the presence of bacteria, it is caused by the secretion of signalling molecules known as cytokines and pyrokines by the immune system.
As other answers mentioned, this is a defensive mechanism and can aid the immune cells (macrophages/monocytes and PMNs) in eradticating the infection. However, it is wrong to say that all bacteria are hindered by an increased temperature, many can grow just fine at slightly elevated temperatures. However, it aids the immune cells by speeding up their activities, regardless of the impact on bacteria.
Reply:It secretes some kind of toxin.
Reply:FEVER is a defense mechanism against infection..your body will simple react that there is a bacteria trying to attact your system...example a wound on your feet..if you will not cure it right away you will feel lethargic...soon you will feel some chills...from then on your body will try to counteract with the bacteria to prevent more complication...
Reply:bacteria and and viruses live and multiply well in normal body temp. the higher your body raises its temp the slower they multiply and function and somtimes the temp can kill the bacteria
Why is bacteria unicellular.?
Unlike other multicellular organisms such as plants and animals, Bacteria is called as unicellular because it has only one cell, which has no nucleus and distinct organelles.
Why is bacteria unicellular.?
Because it is well adapted to its niche.
Reply:because the one cell structure fits its function very well.
Reply:A bacterium (plural: bacteria) is a unicellular microorganism. Typically a few micrometres in length, individual bacteria have a wide-range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods to spirals. Bacteria are ubiquitous in every habitat on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste,[1] seawater, and deep in the Earth's crust. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water; in all, there are approximately five nonillion (5×1030) bacteria in the world.[2] Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, and many important steps in nutrient cycles depend on bacteria, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. However, most of these bacteria have not been characterised, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be cultured in the laboratory.[3] The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.
There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells as human cells in the human body, with large numbers of bacteria on the skin and in the digestive tract.[4] Although the vast majority of these bacteria are rendered harmless or beneficial by the protective effects of the immune system, a few pathogenic bacteria cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa.[5] In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and in various agricultural processes, so antibiotic resistance is becoming common. In industry, bacteria are important in processes such as wastewater treatment, the production of cheese and yoghurt, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.[6]
Bacteria are prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotic life consists of two very different groups of organisms that evolved independently from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.[7]
Reply:Animal or plant consisting of a single cell. Most are invisible without a microscope but a few, such as the giant amoeba, may be visible to the naked eye. The main groups of unicellular organisms are bacteria, protozoa, unicellular algae, and unicellular fungi or yeasts. Some become disease-causing agents (pathogens
They contain every cell organelle within a single cell and and can survive as a single cell, important physiological functions are like respiration, ingestion, excretion are carried out by single cell.
frangipni
Why is bacteria unicellular.?
Because it is well adapted to its niche.
Reply:because the one cell structure fits its function very well.
Reply:A bacterium (plural: bacteria) is a unicellular microorganism. Typically a few micrometres in length, individual bacteria have a wide-range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods to spirals. Bacteria are ubiquitous in every habitat on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste,[1] seawater, and deep in the Earth's crust. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water; in all, there are approximately five nonillion (5×1030) bacteria in the world.[2] Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, and many important steps in nutrient cycles depend on bacteria, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. However, most of these bacteria have not been characterised, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be cultured in the laboratory.[3] The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.
There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells as human cells in the human body, with large numbers of bacteria on the skin and in the digestive tract.[4] Although the vast majority of these bacteria are rendered harmless or beneficial by the protective effects of the immune system, a few pathogenic bacteria cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa.[5] In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and in various agricultural processes, so antibiotic resistance is becoming common. In industry, bacteria are important in processes such as wastewater treatment, the production of cheese and yoghurt, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.[6]
Bacteria are prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotic life consists of two very different groups of organisms that evolved independently from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.[7]
Reply:Animal or plant consisting of a single cell. Most are invisible without a microscope but a few, such as the giant amoeba, may be visible to the naked eye. The main groups of unicellular organisms are bacteria, protozoa, unicellular algae, and unicellular fungi or yeasts. Some become disease-causing agents (pathogens
They contain every cell organelle within a single cell and and can survive as a single cell, important physiological functions are like respiration, ingestion, excretion are carried out by single cell.
frangipni
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