... Stupid question really... not because the answer is obvious but rather because its not really an applicable question to ask.
Bacteria BEGAN in the oceans... and now they are just about everywhere else too. Many are still there because theres no need for them to leave. Its a physically supportive medium, rich enough in the chemical nutrients they need to survive. Beyond that, the "reasons" depend entirely on the kind of bacteria you're talking about, since you're effectively describing an entire kingdom there.
There are photosynthetic cyanobacteria... detritivorous bacteria, pathogens... all kinds of microscopic crap filling in all kinds of roles down there. They form the base of countless food chains.
Its just not plausible to give a simple answer to such an obscenely generalised query...
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